Wikiversity:Research guidelines/Fr

Wikiversity:Research guidelines –

Les participants à Wikiversité sont encouragés à s'engager par une recherche originale à des activités qui contribuent à la mission éducative de la Wikiversité. La portée de la recherche à Wikiversité est limitée aux activités de recherche qui favorisent l'apprentissage dans l'esprit des objectifs de la Fondation Wikimedia. Afin de promouvoir la recherche de haute qualité, les lignes directrices de recherche sur Wikiversité mettent l'accent sur deux questions principales : la vérifiabilité et l'éthique. Les recherches originales sur Wikiversité sont soumises à examen par les pairs afin de permettre à la communauté de recherche Wikiversité de promouvoir la vérifiabilité. Les participants à la Wikiversité qui se livrent à la recherche sont tenus de se conformer à des normes élevées d'éthique de la recherche.

Toutes les activités de recherche doivent être transparentes et conduites de façon à ce que les méthodes de recherche puissent être soumises à examen par les pairs et une [[vérification indépendante par des tiers. Les activités de recherche sur Wikiversité comprennent la recherche scientifique secondaire (revue documentaire) et tous les autres aspects de la recherche originale convenant à une communauté wiki, y compris la coordination de la recherche primaire (par exemple l'expérimentation empirique et observation sur le terrain) et les études de la dynamique des communautés wiki elles-mêmes. Contrairement à d'autres projets de la Fondation Wikimedia, des projets de recherche sur Wikiversité ne sont pas tenus de se conformer à la politique conventionnelle de neutralité du point de vue neutre. Les pratiques de recherche sur Wikiversité devraient être construites sur la citation de sources fiables, l'honnêteté et la divulgation des conflits d'intérêts potentiels. Les projets de recherche sur Wikiversité devraient être examinés par la communauté de Wikiversité pour aider à identifier et rejeter les pratiques de recherche pauvres et pour aider à identifier et mettre en œuvre les pratiques de recherche exemplaires. Un comité d'examen a été proposé afin de mieux guider la communauté de Wikiversité dans l'examen de projets de recherche. Un comité d'examen sera composé d'experts qui, avec leur expertise dans des domaines spécifiques de recherche, pourraient signaler des problèmes que la communauté Wikiversité pourrait ignorer autrement.

Certains objectifs de la recherche sur Wikiversity sont d'aider les gens à apprendre davantage sur la pratique de bonnes recherches, et à soutenir les communautés de recherche, des collaborations et des discussions. Finalement, il peut devenir possible pour la communauté de recherche de Wikiversité de faciliter la publication évaluée par des pairs des rapports de recherche qui seraient reconnus comme une source fiable, susceptibles d'être cités dans des projets sœurs tels que Wikipédia et Wikibooks.

Objectif de la recherche

Voir la page de la politique de recherche

Les participants sur Wikiversité s'engagent dans un large éventail d'activités de recherche originale. L'évaluation scientifique des connaissances existantes (parfois appelée « recherche secondaire », ou « revue documentaire ») est une partie intégrante des nombreuses activités éducatives de Wikiversité. La pensée critique dans la recherche - même dans une revue documentaire - peut conduire à des résultats de recherche originaux. Wikiversité favorise et nourrit toutes les recherches qui relèvent de son champ d'application.

Recherche et neutralité de point de vue

Afin de soutenir la liberté académique, Wikiversité permet aux participants de se déplacer en dehors des limites traditionnelles de la Wikimedia Foundation sur la politique de la neutralité du point de vue (NPOV). Cela permet aux chercheurs de découvrir de manière intensive les limites des points de vue, même si elles sont en dehors des branches classiques de l'éthique, aussi longtemps que les préjugés sont divulgués et l'éthique en tout point sont respectées.

Périmètre des recherches originales

La recherche originale peut être conduite pour plusieurs raisons, mais toutes ne sont pas compatibles avec le format et la mission d'éducation du projet Wikiversité, par exemple en cas de :

violation de la politique de la fondation Wikimedia comme wikimedia:Politique de confidentialité ;
illégalité ou manque d'éthique ;
Correspondance avec le wikipedia:fr:Comité de protection des personnes (sauf si le protocole d'approbation de ce dernier a été rempli).

Verifiability

All original research projects on Wikiversity must be conducted in an open and transparent fashion so as to facilitate independent and objective verification of methods and results by others. All research projects must fully document the methods, original motivations (see disclosures), and hypotheses. Research in progress must be clearly labeled as such with the appropriate templates. The research templates will place research-related webpages in the "Research" category.

Honesty

Research results are never altered, modified, misrepresented, omitted from reporting or falsified in order to artificially fit a predetermined belief, desired result or proposed hypothesis.

Transparency

It should be clear from the report on the research: 1) What was done in the course of all stages of the research (and why), and 2) how claims are made on the basis of the data (and why). This ensures that other people can look at the research, and decide for themselves whether it is a good or useful piece of research. It is not necessary that the full dataset used is publicly available - though it is a good idea - and if this is undesirable (for ethical reasons, for example), it could be made available to individuals, upon their request.

Objectivity

Wikiversity participants who participate in research activities should strive to conduct and report their research in such a way that it is possible for others to independently test, verify and confirm that research.

All original research projects at Wikiversity should be conducted with the goal of producing objectively verifiable results. Researchers should always respect the outcome of their data analysis, and certainly not manipulate the data to fit a predetermined result. If a hypothesis is proposed, the results/data should be used to prove or disprove it. One should not conduct research to prove oneself right, nor someone else wrong - on the contrary, one should always strive to be critical of all aspects of the research process, including oneself.

Subjectivity

Personal and subjective points of view and opinions can play an important, and even central part in research, but they should be identified as such, and integrated as much as possible with the existing ideas of others by citing published sources that support or suggest your lines of reasoning and path of intellectual exploration. You are free to express your views and opinions so long as you relate them in a scholarly way to your primary data and/or secondary sources.

Neutral point of view

Within Wikiversity, the default approach to conducting research is that all research projects are open to participation by any member of the community and all associated wiki webpages are open to editing according to conventional Wikimedia Foundation neutral point of view (NPOV) policy. However, since some advances in knowledge and understanding involve exploration of novel ideas that lie outside of conventional patterns of existing knowledge, belief and thought, Wikiversity does allow researchers to explore various points of view as long as the highest principles of scholarly ethics are adhered to. Unless you explicitly request otherwise, other people can edit your project, and NPOV policy applies.

Wikiversity is a wiki and, in general, anybody can edit the webpages of a research project. Others may offer alternative analyses of your results, which may contradict your conclusions. This is to be encouraged, and Wikiversity supports research that is open to be edited by all. If you do decide to limit editing of wiki pages to a select group, expect that others will make copies of your work and edit those copies in complliance with the neutral point of view (NPOV) policy. If you edit Wikiversity webpages outside of the restrictions of NPOV policy, you should expect your work to be subjected to peer review. If your methods depart from the scholarly practices outlined by Wikiversity research guidelines, you may be asked to either adapt your materials/methods - or your materials may be removed from Wikiversity. If you repeatedly ignore the sound advice of your peers, and there is general consensus for this, you may be disqualified from participating in scholarly studies or any activities at Wikiversity.

Disclosures

If you wish to conduct research activities outside of NPOV and/or with restrictions on who can edit your work, you must openly declare your biases, potential conflicts of interest, and be very open about the objectives of your research. Declaring your personal biases will help people understand your viewpoint and trust you. Working outside of the restrictions of NPOV policy imposes on you the highest standards of scholarly ethics and means your research methods and practices will be subjected to critical evaluation and peer review.

Declare your known biases or any potential conflicts of interest at the start of your research project. This fosters trust, and helps the community to judge the study from your point of view. This will join you in a group effort to raise conscientiousness and group-assisted introspection.

Citing sources

No research activities are excused from the need to be aware of existing relevant knowledge and past published research results. Carefully cite relevant sources wherever possible, in both secondary research (literature reviews) and as an integral part of the conduct and reporting of any original research activities.

It is not always possible to justify and contextualize original research using previously published sources, especially when the topic has not been examined in depth before. Wikiversity is open to scholarly research that tries to stretch the boundaries of knowledge. Where possible, you should cite relevant sources of previously published research in your field of study that most closely relate to any new paths of exploration you may be involved with. Secondary research should always be based on verifiable sources, and should always cite all the sources used in your research.

Ethics

All research projects on Wikiversity should be conducted according to high standards of scholarly ethics
A project that breaks or tests conventional ethical guidelines is not permitted
A project that would require oversight by an expert in research ethics or IRB is not permitted
A project that includes an undisclosed conflict of interest is not permitted. For example, "marketing" or political research for promoting a specific commercial product or political candidate must be disclosed as such
Wikiversity's Review Board is responsible for examining the conduct and methods of all research projects

All research posted on Wikiversity should be conducted in an ethical manner. Wikiversity cannot permit studies that involve such ethical issues as harm (including distress or embarrassment), deception or risk to either human subjects or animals. No studies may be posted that involve a breach in local or international law.

Research projects that would normally require approval from an institutional review board (IRB) cannot be permitted on Wikiversity. However, if an established IRB approves your research, the Wikiversity Review Board may permit it.

Wikiversity is devoted to a search for knowledge and providing a support system to help people learn about the world. Wikiversity promotes adherence to scholarly ethics that keep Wikiversity free from propaganda, deception and intellectual dishonesty such as plagiarism. Wikiversity does not exist as a platform to support advocates of particular political movements, religious ideologies or scientific, legal or historical theories. Wikiversity can contain scholarly study of all topics, but Wikiversity does not exist for the purpose of advocating or advancing particular points of view, movements or belief systems.

Wikiversity participants who engage in research activities must not attempt to use Wikiversity as a platform for advocating or advancing propaganda or any other type of deception or intellectual dishonesty, but rather, Wikiversity editors must remain devoted to scholarly consideration of their topic of study. This means not distorting or hiding evidence and not crafting illegal, deceptive, dishonest or otherwise unethical accounts of facts or ideas. Wikiversity scholars can, and must, study their subjects with devotion to honesty and the highest scholarly standards.

Wikiversity standards for scholarly and ethical research practices are enforced by peer review. Most of this peer review is possible through conventional wiki community interactions and webpage editing. However, some forms of bogus and unethical research can only be recognized by experts. In order to protect itself from such problems, the Wikiversity community depends on the participation of experts who can guide the whole community in recognizing bogus and unethical research practices, as discussed in the next section.

Review process

Wikiversity's review process of research is distributed and community-led, taking the following steps:

People add research to Wikiversity - they are encouraged to flag it appropriately as "research".
If not done already, research is flagged with a template placed at the top of the page.
If anyone reviewing (i.e. simply reading) the page finds something within the research to be questionable on methodological, ethical, epistemological grounds, they can add an appropriate template - or modify the existing one.
The page(s) in question can be flagged for deletion - or a request for comments can be made
After discussion and review, the research can be either modified, deleted, or sent for further review by the Review Board (details below).

Review Board

See the full Review Board policy

Some misguided and deceptive research practices may be difficult to detect. The Wikiversity community relies on the participation of people with expertise in good research practices and who can help the community recognize and correct bogus and unethical research practices. The Review Board will be active in guiding the entire Wikiversity community in examination of all Wikiversity research projects and identifying and correcting any problems that breach the Wikiversity research guidelines.

Research at smaller Wikiversity sites

Wiki websites with few participants might have difficulty patrolling for vandalism and edits that violate the Wikiversity research guidelines. Wikiversity sites with few participants may not have a large enough community to support a Research Review Board. It may be wise for communities without an active Review Board to adopt a conventional Wikimedia Foundation No Original Research policy.

Fringe research

Another obvious concern is how will we deal with fringe groups (eg. Nazis etc) who want to use Wikiversity as a publishing house. The Review Board will guide the community in making sure that all research projects, including fringe research, are conducted according to scholarly research methods as described in the Wikiversity research guidelines. At times, it may be useful to amend the Wikiversity research guidelines so as to explicitly exclude some types of fringe research if they disrupt Wikiversity or distract the community from its educational mission.

Towards Wiki publishing

Wikiversity does not yet have a system for formal peer reviewed publishing. For Wikiversity research projects there may not necessarily be a final published research report for any given piece of research. Not every research contribution found on Wikiversity is accurate or verifiable. However, the purpose of research activities at Wikiversity is to promote learning, so we do not disregard inept research efforts - rather, we discuss, correct and build upon them. After a research project is complete, a summary report may be posted on a Wikiversity page. The raw data and the research report can be protected from further editing and remain as an historical archive. A goal of Wikiversity is to establish communities of scholars who can perform formal peer review of such research reports. Until such a system for peer reviewed "wiki publishing" can be established, Wikiversity participants should consider publishing original research in established journals. The Review Board might eventually evolve into a robust collection of experts who can support a formal peer review process.