Engineer Physics/Matter

Matter represents anything that can be observed and measured .

Example

a ball, a car, water , air, ion, molecule, ...

Physical chracteristics

Matter's mass

All mater has a mass of matter's quantity of matter's material inside a volume container . Matter's mass, volume and matter's material quanity called density are related by mathematical formula below

$m=\rho V$

Where

$m=\rho V$ - Mass measured in Kg

$V$ - Volume measured in m,sup>3

$\rho$ - Density measured in Kg / m²

Atomic mass

Atomic mass is used to measured atom's mass

$m_{\rm {u}}={{m({\rm {^{12}C}})} \over {12}}=1\ {\rm {Da}}$.

The formula used for conversion is

$1\ {\rm {Da}}=m_{\rm {u}}={M_{\rm {u}} \over {N_{\rm {A}}}}={M(^{12}C) \over {12\ N_{\rm {A}}}}=1.660\ 539\ 066\ 60(50)\times 10^{-27}\ \mathrm {kg} ,$

where $M_{\rm {u}}$ is the molar mass constant, $N_{\rm {A}}$ is the Avogadro constant, and $M(^{12}\mathrm {C} )$ is the experimentally determined molar mass of carbon-12.

The relative isotopic mass (see section below) can be obtained by dividing the atomic mass m_a of an isotope by the atomic mass constant m_u yielding a dimensionless value. Thus, the atomic mass of a carbon-12 atom is Template:Val by definition, but the relative isotopic mass of a carbon-12 atom is simply 12. The sum of relative isotopic masses of all atoms in a molecule is the relative molecular mass.

The atomic mass of an isotope and the relative isotopic mass refers to a certain specific isotope of an element. Because substances are usually not isotopically pure, it is convenient to use the elemental atomic mass which is the average (mean) atomic mass of an element, weighted by the abundance of the isotopes. The dimensionless (standard) atomic weight is the weighted mean relative isotopic mass of a (typical naturally occurring) mixture of isotopes.

The atomic mass of atoms, ions, or atomic nuclei is slightly less than the sum of the masses of their constituent protons, neutrons, and electrons, due to binding energy mass loss (per Template:Math).

Molecular mass

A measurement of chemical element's mass to indiate number of molecules contain in on mole of chemical element

1 Mole = $N_{A}$ = 6,02×10²³ number of molecules

Quantum mass

$h=p\lambda =p{\frac {C}{f}}$ = 6.626 0693(11) x 10-34 J·s

Chemical chracteristics

Chemical substance

Matters are made from chemical substances exist in 4 states

1. Solid, Ferrite, Copper
2. Liquid, Water, Acid, Beer ,Liquor
3. Gas, Oxygen,
4. Plasma,

Chemical element

Matter's chemical substances are made from chemical elements

Atom

Chemical element is made from atom